あと・のち・以後・以降・先 after, later

Taking one point in time as a reference, time continuing after that or a point in time after that.

Ato and nochi have almost the same meaning, but nochi is a formal way of speaking. Igo and ikou mean after that (reference point in time). Ikou is used attached to expressions of time or happenings (jiken). Saki means time that is coming from now. It indicates, vaguely, a future point in time or period in time.

十年　あと・のち・さき　のことまで考える・Ato, nochi, saki can be attached to an expression of a time period. Ikou, igo cant be attached to an expression that does not show a point in time originating.

四月一日　以後・以降　に延期する・opposite to A, you mark a point in time when something starts.

また　のち　にご説明いたします・nochi is appropriate for formal terms; atode (not just ato) could be used, saki has a strong feeling of in the future so is not appropriate for this phrase.

誤る・間違える・間違う・しくじる mistake p 21

　「誤る」 means to make incorrect thought, judgement, treatment. 「間違える」 is mainly to carelessly mistake one thing for another thing. 　「間違う」 is to differently from the expected result of judgement or treatment. This is orginally a jidoushi but can also be used as a tadoshi with the same meaning as machigaeru. 「しくじる」 is to do something but fail; exclusively for action.

計算誤った・can be used for all four. Ayamaru is old fashioned.
それは間違った考えだ・with a jidoushi, machigaeru cannot be used. Shikujiru means to fail, so does not go with kangae and ayamaru is formal, old fashioned.
入試をしくじる・to flunk the exam - only shikujiru

Water on a frogs face

蛙の面に水・かえるのつらにみず・water on a frogs face

 

蛙は顔に水をかけられても平気でいる。どんな仕打ちにあっても、何も感じず平気でいるさま。人からのひどい扱いに鈍感なこと。

If you splash water on a frogs face they’ll be fine.  Whatever treatment they meet, they won’t feel anything but fine.  Insensitive to very bad treatment from people.

 

牛に経文・うしにきょうもん・stutra’s to a cow

牛の角を蜂がさす・うしのつのをはちがさす・a bee stinging a cow’s horn

馬の耳に念仏・うまのみみにねんぶつ・(Buddhist) prayers to a horses ear

蛙の面に小便・かえるのつらにしょうびん pissing on a frog

石に灸・いしにきゅう moxibustion to a stone

 

面・つら・face, surface

仕打ち・しうち・treatment

鈍感・どんかん・insensitive

経文・きょうもん・sutras

蜂・はち・bee

念仏・ねんぶつ Buddhist prayers